Assisted reproductive technology

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is more abundant in the first half of the menstrual cycle, since it is responsible for stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovary. For assisted reproduction treatments, it is prescribed during the controlled stimulation of ovulation in order to increase the number of growing follicles and stimulate their development. menopause in Girona(Spain)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), better known by its acronym in English hCG, or even colloquially by "the beta", is a glycoprotein synthesized in the cells of the syncytiotrophoblast, which are what will later form the placenta. It consists of two distinct chains, one alpha (?) and another beta (ß). Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Function of hCG hormone 2. HCG screening tests 3. Obtaining hCG 4. Use in assisted reproduction 4.1. Effects of hCG 4.2. Indications 4.3. Advantages and disadvantages of using hCG 5. Authors and collaborators It increases in blood and urine shortly after implantation and its detection is the basis of pregnancy tests. Hormonal control of ovulation Current pregnancy tests in both blood and urine detect the beta subunit of this hormone; that is why when waiting for pregnancy confirmation is commonly called " beta-waiting ", in reference to the hCG hormone ...

Ovaritis or oophoritis is the inflammation of one or both ovaries. It can appear ovaries can be ignited independently or next to the inflammation of other organs, arising the following pathologies: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): inflammatory process in the upper part of the female reproductive system (ovaries, tubes, uterus and ligaments) Annexitis: inflamed tubes and ovaries, that is, oophoritis and salpingitis at the same time. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Causes of inflammation of the ovaries 2. Symptoms of inflamed ovaries 3. Risk and prevention factors 4. Home remedies and pharmacological treatment 5. Questions from users 5.1. Is it normal to have back pain from the inflammation of the ovaries? 5.2. Is it possible to have inflammation in the ovaries with menopause? 5.3. Does oophoritis have consequences on fertility? 5.4. Is inflammation of the ovary a common pregnancy symptom? 6. Authors a...

The ovarian endocrine factor is one of the causes why a woman can suffer sterility problems that prevent her from having a child. It refers to any alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis causing an imbalance in the production and release of hormones that intervene in the different stages of the ovarian cycle, compromising ovarian function and conditioning a disorder of the fertility of women. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Anovulation 2. Causes of chronic anovulation 3. Sterile by ovarian factor 4. Authors and collaborators This alteration can lead to the appearance of anovulatory cycles, associated with a wide range of menstrual changes. In this sense, differences between sporadic anovulatory cycles and chronic anovulatory processes are important. Anovulation Ovulation is the process by which a mature ovum leaves the ovarian follicle in the direction of the fallopian tubes waiting to be fertilized by the...

Symptoms and diagnosis The symptoms depend on each person and are difficult to perceive, sometimes they can even be confused with symptoms of depression. The most common are: constipation, pallor or dry skin, swelling of face, hands and feet, hoarseness, slow speech, fatigue, involuntary weight gain, heavy menstrual periods, greater sensitivity to cold and muscle cramps. A person may not present all of them. Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed by a blood test that measures the values ??of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Pregnant women are given a complete study. In the case of the thyroid, the study of free T4, TSH and antithyroid antibodies is requested. menopause in Barcelona(Spain)

Breast self-examination is essential to reveal any changes that occur in a woman's breast. It is especially important for the early detection of breast cancer. Some lumps do not have to be malignant, like myomas, but any alteration that is located should be referred to the gynecologist. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. When to start? 2. Steps of breast self-exploration 3. Authors and collaborators When to start? It is advisable to perform breast self-examination once a month after the age of 20, right after the end of menstruation. Women who have already passed the menopause can set any day a month. Breast cancer The first self-exploration we will do it carefully, to familiarize ourselves with the appearance and habitual consistency of the breasts, which will allow us in subsequent examinations to detect possible anomalies more easily. The mammary glands have a nodular consistency so that initially you may hav...

The number of ovules a woman has affects her ability to conceive naturally. Both the number and the quality of the ovules decrease as the woman ages and this fact could be related to the age at which the mother reaches menopause. In this way, it would be possible to predict the fertile life of a woman from hereditary patterns. Predict fertility Fertility and Inheritance According to an investigation carried out in the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Denmark), if a woman reaches menopause before the age of 45, it is most likely that her daughter has a poor ovarian reserve. This study has been carried out on 500 women between 20 and 40 years old divided into 3 groups according to the age at which their mothers arrived at the end of their fertile period: Early menopause: before 45 years old. Normal menopause: between 46 and 54 years old. Late menopause: from 55 years. Biological clock The levels of Antimülleriana Hormone (AMH) and the number of antral follicles were the metho...

The Evopad estrogen patches are used, mostly, in IVF treatments. These are self-adhesive transdermal patches that are applied directly to the skin and its active substance is estradiol, a female sex steroid hormone. In addition to being used in assisted reproduction treatments , estrogen patches are also used in periods of menopause to alleviate the side effects of this. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. What are the Evopad patches for? 1.1. Evopad for endometrial preparation 1.2. Hormone substitution therapy 2. Composition and presentation 3. Instructions for use 4. Contraindications 5. Adverse reactions 6. Questions from users 6.1. Do Evopad patches get fat? 6.2. Is Evopad always used in IVF? 6.3. Can Evopad patches be used in pregnancy? 6.4. What is the price of Evopad patches? 7. Authors and collaborators What are the Evopad patches for? The purpose of this drug is to provide estrogens exoge...

Perimenopause, usually called premenopause, is a natural transition period in women towards the end of their reproductive life: menopause. During this stage, which usually begins around 45-50 years, the menstrual cycles of the woman begin to alter and appear irregularities in menstruation, in addition to other characteristic symptoms. Despite this, the woman still has ovulations during perimenopause and, therefore, a pregnancy could take place if the necessary precautions are not taken. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Perimenopause or premenopause? 2. Disorders of fertility 3. Symptoms 4. Treatment 5. Pregnancy in perimenopause 6. Questions from users 6.1. How long is premenopause? 6.2. What are the symptoms of premenopause? 6.3. At what age is premenopause? 6.4. What are the hormonal values ??of a premenopausal woman? 7. Recommended reading 8. Authors and collaborators Perimenopause or premenopaus...

Estrogens are female sex hormones that are responsible for the development of a woman's sexual organs such as the uterus, vagina or tubes. In addition, estrogens are responsible for the formation of the breasts and even other characteristics such as the voice of the woman, as they are fundamental in the appearance of the menstrual cycle of women. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Estrogens 1. What types are there? 2. When are they used? 2.1. Estrogens in menopause 3. Side effects 4. Authors and collaborators Some of its benefits go through the strengthening of bones. The level of estrogen in women is the same during their first 25 years and then decreases, especially with the arrival of menopause . The body itself reacts to this fact by producing other hormones such as FSH that induces the production of ovules or Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Both control ovulation , follicle maturation or progesterone. The woma...

Male andropause or menopause is a concept that refers to the aging of men from the reproductive point of view. At this stage in the life of the male, the production of testosterone (male hormone produced in the testicle) begins to gradually decrease, so that andropause is also known as testosterone deficiency syndrome or ADAM (from the name in English). , Androgen Deficency Aging Male). This decrease in testosterone causes a decrease in man's sexual abilities, strength and other abilities. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What is andropause? - Symptoms and treatment in the male 1. At what age does it begin? 2. Symptoms of andropause 3. Treatment 3.1. Other tips 4. Questions from users 4.1. What are the causes of andropause? 4.2. What are the physical and psychological changes that appear with male menopause? 4.3. How long is andropause? 5. Recommended reading 6. Authors and collaborators At what age d...

Premature ovarian failure (FOP) is defined as the cessation of ovarian activity at a young age, which means that the ovaries stop functioning before the menopausal age. Therefore, the woman stops ovulating and her blood estrogen levels decrease. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Premature ovarian failure 1. Causes and symptoms 2. Diagnosis and treatment 3. Consequences in fertility 4. Authors and collaborators Early ovarian failure occurs in 1 in 100 women under 40 and in 1 in 1,000 women under 30 years of age. Ovarian differentiation begins around the eighth week of gestation, so that by week 20 of gestation there is already a number close to 6-7 million oogonias, the stem cells that will give rise to the ovules. These oogonia will go atresiando (dying) and their number will decrease until the moment of birth. At the time of puberty there will be about 300,000 ovules that will be released in the menstrual cycles duri...

Utrogestan is a medicine used in fertility treatments to promote the implantation of the embryo and with it the pregnancy. Although it is a drug that requires a prescription, it is recommended to read the leaflet carefully and follow the specialist's instructions to avoid side effects. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Utrogestan: what is it? What is it for? What are its symptoms? 1. Composition and presentation 2. Indications 3. How to take utrogestan? 4. Contraindications 5. Symptoms and side effects 6. Questions from users 6.1. Does the utrogestan get fat? 6.2. What is the price of the Utrogestan? 6.3. Can taking progesterone (utrogestan) cause the appearance of acne? 6.4. Can utrogestan be used as a contraceptive? 6.5. Is Utrogestan the same as progeffik? 7. Authors and collaborators Indications Utrogestan is used in the following cases: Alterations linked to progesterone insufficiency. Irregu...

Celiac disease is a hereditary autoimmune disease that consists of an intolerance to wheat gluten, and other cereals such as barley, rye and oats. Those affected have inflammatory reactions in the mucosa of the small intestine in the presence of gluten (protein), which hinders the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Fertility disorders associated with celiac disease 1. Diagnosis of celiac disease 2. Symptoms related to fertility 3. Authors and collaborators Experts believe that 1 in 100 people is celiac, being the most common intestinal disorder. Although the exact reason is not known today, it is known that women are twice as likely to suffer from the disease as men. The immune system of those affected reacts exaggeratedly to this protein present in the food bolus after consuming cereals, so it "attacks" the areas where it is affecting the microvilli of the intestine and pr...

Menstruation is caused by a series of signals produced by our body through hormonal connections between the brain and the ovaries, which we call the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Amenorrhea 1. Why does not the rule come? 2. Symptoms 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. Amenorrhea by hormonal contraceptive methods When these signs do not work, there is an absence of menstruation known as functional amenorrhea. Obviously, to suffer this type of pathology is necessary to have previously had the rule, ie, that a woman has normal menstrual cycles and is of reproductive age. By this we mean that the absence of a rule prior to puberty or post- menopause is not considered amenorrhea, since it is normal at this time that menstruation does not go down. Hypothalamic amenorrhea Why does not the rule come? There are a number of causes that can produce a hormonal imbalance and with it amenorrhea. ...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a very common endocrine disorder that can have consequences on women's fertility. Their symptoms are varied and may even not reach the diagnosis until they detect problems to achieve pregnancy and it is necessary to perform an assisted reproduction treatment. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): causes, symptoms and treatment 1. What is the SOP? 2. Diagnosis 3. Symptoms 4. Treatment 5. Questions from users 5.1. Does Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have a cure? 5.2. Does metformin help patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome get pregnant? 6. Recommended reading What is SOP? Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent endocrine pathology in women of childbearing age: it affects approximately 4-8% of these. Frequently it is associated to: Anovulation (absence of ovulation) and, therefore, sterility. In...

The ovarian reserve indicates the number of ovules available to a woman at a given time in her life and, therefore, is something that will mark the state of her fertility. If the ovarian reserve is good, it will be more likely to achieve pregnancy. In the case that low ovarian reserve is detected, it may be necessary to resort to in vitro fertilization (IVF) to be a mother. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What is the ovarian reserve and how does it affect fertility? 1. What is the ovarian reserve? 2. Causes of decreased ovarian reserve 3. Normal values ??of ovarian reserve 3.1. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) 3.2. AMH (antimullerian hormone) 3.3. E2 (estradiol) 3.4. Antral follicle count (RFA) 4. Probability of pregnancy 5. Questions from users 5.1. How does the ovarian reserve affect IVF treatment? 5.2. Is there a home method to measure ovarian reserve and fertility? 5.3. Is there any treatment for ...

Although in general terms it is understood as a twin pregnancy any pregnancy of two embryos, we should know that twins are not the same as twins. Visibly there is an important difference and that is that the twins are identical and of the same sex. In any case, both are considered risky pregnancies, since they present a higher probability of complications. Double pregnancy is the most common form of multiple pregnancy, although there are also occasional occasions in which there are gestations of triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets ... Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What differentiates twin pregnancy from twins pregnancy? 1. Types of twin pregnancy 2. Most common risks 3. Factors that favor multiple pregnancy 4. Symptoms of twin pregnancy 5. Twin pregnancy and assisted reproduction 6. Questions from users 6.1. What are the most prominent signs and symptoms of twin pregnancy? 6.2. How to get pregnant with twins o...

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life that indicates that her reproductive age is over. Generally it does not appear suddenly but it is a gradual process. From the age of 40 the rules are being spaced out and can take several years until the period ends definitively. Next you have an index with all the points that we are going to treat in this article. Index Menopause at 40 1. Causes 2. Perimenopause 3. Symptoms The age of onset can vary, from 40 to 60 years is the usual, placing the average in Spanish women in 51.2 years. Causes When a woman is in the fertile stage of her reproductive life, estrogen levels rise and fall throughout the menstrual cycle. These oscillations of the hormone estrogen are controlled by two other hormones released by the pituitary: FSH and LH. The activity of these hormones acts as a signal for ovulation to take place. When the egg is released from the ovary, the follicle that contains it initiates the synthesis of progesterone, prepa...