Premature ovarian failure

-

Premature ovarian failure (FOP) is defined as the cessation of ovarian activity at a young age, which means that the ovaries stop functioning before the menopausal age. Therefore, the woman stops ovulating and her blood estrogen levels decrease.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Premature ovarian failure

Early ovarian failure occurs in 1 in 100 women under 40 and in 1 in 1,000 women under 30 years of age.

Ovarian differentiation begins around the eighth week of gestation, so that by week 20 of gestation there is already a number close to 6-7 million oogonias, the stem cells that will give rise to the ovules.

These oogonia will go atresiando (dying) and their number will decrease until the moment of birth. At the time of puberty there will be about 300,000 ovules that will be released in the menstrual cycles during the reproductive life.

Ovodonation by FOP

In theory, women have at birth a sufficient number of ovules to release at least until they are 50 years old.

Thus, when there is a cessation of menstruation due to follicular exhaustion of the ovary before the age of 40, or if there is a lack of response of the ovarian follicles to the hormonal stimuli of the gonadotropins during an assisted reproduction treatment , we will discuss premature ovarian failure.

Causes and symptoms

The causes that originate the FOP can be several and sometimes difficult to know, among them we can find:

  • Genetic disorders (X-fragile syndrome, Turner syndrome, etc.).
  • Exposure to toxic substances such as chemotherapy and radiation.
  • Enzymatic or metabolic defects (galactosemia, hemochromatosis, etc.).
  • Diseases such as anorexia nervosa, diabetes, pernicious anemia and lupus.
  • Infections due to Herpes Zoster or cytomegalovirus.

However, in most cases the cause is unknown, although if there is a direct family history there may be a greater chance of developing early ovarian failure.

Some of the symptoms that may occur are:

  • Irregular rules or absence of menstruation
  • Night sweats
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Hot flushes or hot flashes
  • Insomnia
  • Irritability and susceptibility
  • Lack of sexual desire
  • Difficulty of concentration
  • Fertility problems

In general, the symptoms are usually similar to those of menopause and are due to low levels of estrogen.



Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis is made through an analysis of the previous clinical history along with a physical and gynecological examination.

Diagnosis of FOP

For the confirmation of the syndrome an analysis of the hormones FSH and 17?-estradiol is carried out. An elevated FSH and low estradiol will confirm the evidence of ovarian failure.

If the ovarian failure has no apparent reason, a blood test can be performed to study the karyotype (chromosomes).

The treatment of FOP will depend on the woman's symptoms and whether there are health risks such as osteoporosis or heart disease caused by low levels of estrogen.

Substitute hormone therapy, using pills or patches of estrogen and progesterone, is the most used because it relieves menopausal symptoms and helps to combat bone loss caused by osteoporosis.

For those women who do not want to conceive, the combined contraceptive pill can also be a solution.



Consequences on fertility

Due to the lack of ovulation and low levels of estrogen, it is very common to have infertility. In these cases ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization treatment with own ovules is not usually effective.

However, in 5-10% of cases a pregnancy can be achieved if the alteration is not permanent and the ovary can have some activity. For this the ovarian failure must be spontaneous and the karyotype is normal, although there is no way of knowing if this will happen.

If the ovarian stimulation does not have the desired effect, the recommended assisted reproduction technique would be the donation of ovules.



Authors and collaborators

Teresa Rubio Asensio EmbriólogaMaster University in Reproductive Medicine and Genetics by the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UHM). Professor of Clinical Embryology courses at the UHM. Member and editor of scientific contents in ASEBIR and ASPROIN. Embryologist specialist in Reproductive Medicine in UR Virgen de la Vega. More information.autor_box {background-color: #ececec; padding: 20px 30px; font-size: 14px;} .author_name {font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 5px;} .author_title {font-weight: bold;} .author_text {margin-bottom: 10px;} .autor_box_izq {display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 15%;}. author_box_dcha {display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 85%;}. author_box_dcha_sep {margin: 0 0 10px 30px} .author_box_descripcion {margin-top: 0px; text-align: right;} .autor_box_descripcion_sep {display: inline-block; width: -moz-calc (85% - 30px); width: -webkit-calc (85% - 30px); width: -o-calc (85% - 30px); width: calc (85% - 30px); text-align: left;}. author_box: not (: last-child) {margin-bottom: 20px} @media screen and (max-width: 470px) {.autor_box {font -size: 16px; padding: 20px;} .author_name {font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 3px;} .autor_box_izq {width: 20%;} .autor_box_dcha {width: 80%;} .autor_box_dcha_sep {margin: 0 0 10px 20px} .author_box_descripcion {margin-top: 10px} .autor_box_descripcion_sep {width: 100%}}


menopause in Cordoba(Spain)

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Gonal-f pen: doses of 300, 450 and 900 - How does it apply?

-
Gonal-f is a hormonal drug used in assisted reproduction treatments to cause the development of multiple follicles in the ovary. It is composed of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin that acts in the menstrual cycle of women. There are several formats of Gonal-f in the market, but one of the best known is the one that is administered with a pen-type injector. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Composition and presentation 2. Mode of administration 3. Questions from users 3.1. How should the pen of Gonal-f be preserved? 3.2. What is the use of the Gonal-f pen? 3.3. What happens if I miss a day of giving the dose of Gonal-f? 4. Recommended reading 5. Bibliography 6. Authors and collaborators Questions from users surrogate pregnancy in Tenerife(Spain)
Read more

Fertility treatments in the couple: how to get pregnant?

-
Image
According to the latest report of the Spanish Fertility Society (SEF), in 2016 were carried out 138,553 cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 36,463 cycles of artificial insemination (AI), which resulted in a total of 37,503 babies born . This represents an increase of 8% in the use of assisted reproduction techniques with respect to the previous year, which shows that more and more couples need help to have the opportunity to become parents. After a year of sexual intercourse without achieving pregnancy, a couple is considered to have sterility problems, so it is advisable to start doing diagnostic tests and determine the most appropriate assisted reproduction treatment in each case, as we will discuss throughout this post. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Custom fertility treatments 2. Artificial insemination (AI) 3. In vitro fertilization (IVF) 3.1. ICSI 3.2. DGP 4. Questions from users 4.1. How muc...
Read more

What is the purpose of the ovitrelle in a fiv treatment?

-
Image
Ovitrelle is a drug that contains recombinant hCG used in assisted reproduction to stimulate ovulation and thus favor pregnancy in the treatments of artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What is the ovitrelle for in an IVF treatment? 1. Composition 2. Instructions for use 3. Indications and contraindications 4. Risks and adverse effects 5. Ovitrelle and pregnancy test 6. Questions from users 6.1. Is it normal to give ovitrelle after the transfer of the embryos? 6.2. Does the ovitrelle advance the rule? 6.3. Does alcohol consumption negatively affect the effect of ovitrelle? 6.4. What is the price of the ovitrelle ?, does it go into social security? 6.5. Should it be kept in a refrigerator or at room temperature? Composition The active principle of ovitrelle is choriogonadotropin alfa, also called recombinant hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). The qual...
Read more