Assisted reproductive technology

In previous occasions we have addressed the issue of the influence of maternal obesity in the achievement and monitoring of pregnancy, but today we want to focus on what consequences may have for the child born, and the adult who will become, having been subjected to a pregnancy with excess BMI. An adult woman is considered obese if she has a body mass index greater than 30. According to the World Health Organization, 1400 million people over 20 were overweight in 2008, and of these, 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. Cases of obesity have multiplied worldwide since 1980. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Risks 2. What do I do if I am obese or overweight? 3. Authors and collaborators Risks A recent study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) indicates that children of obese mothers are more at risk of dying prematurely as adults. According to the researchers, the risk of premature death ...

Gestational diabetes is a type of mild diabetes that develops in some women during the last stage of pregnancy. Unlike other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes is not caused by insulin deficiency, but by the blockage of their functioning due to the hormones that are generated in pregnancy. About 10% of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, although most of them have no symptoms. That is why it is necessary to make glucose controls to detect it. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Diabetes in pregnancy 2. Causes 2.1. Risk factor's 3. Diagnosis 4. Symptoms and consequences in the baby 5. Diet and treatment 6. Questions from users 6.1. What care should be followed in pregnancy with gestational diabetes? 6.2. What complications can arise in childbirth with gestational diabetes? 6.3. Can I still have diabetes after delivery? 7. Recommended reading 8. Authors and collaborators Diabetes in pr...

The surrogate pregnancy or, as it is popularly known, the rent belly is a technique of assisted reproduction that allows parents to be couples and people without the ability to gestate, that is, women with serious fertility problems and men without a female partner. It is an ethically controversial process and, therefore, it is legal in a few countries. In this article we set out to explain the different conditions surrounding this fertility treatment. In addition, we will comment on the work of the agencies that help make the dream of having a child possible for everyone thanks to this method. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. What is surrogate pregnancy? 2. Pregnancy by substitution in Spain 3. Where is the "rent belly" legal? 3.1. U.S 3.2. Glen 3.3. Ukraine and Georgia 3.4. Russia and Greece 3.5. Other destinations 4. Surrogate pregnancy agencies 5. Questions from users 5.1. What are the requ...

Sex hormones have multiple functions in both men and women. In general, they are responsible for the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty and, subsequently, they are responsible for regulating the entire reproductive cycle. In women, sex hormones are produced by the ovary and are responsible for regulating the entire menstrual cycle and acting on the endometrium. In man, sex hormones are synthesized in the testicles and intervene in the production of sperm (spermatogenesis). Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Control of hormonal production 2. Male sex hormones 3. Female sex hormones 3.1. Estrogens 3.2. Progesterone 4. Questions from users 4.1. What happens if the female sex hormones are low? 4.2. Is it possible to increase sex hormones in women? 5. Recommended reading 6. Authors and collaborators Control of hormonal production Sex hormones are found in both sexes. However, its concen...

Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. It is found inside the amniotic sac and has the function of protecting the fetus throughout its development, from the beginning of pregnancy to the birth of the baby. An abnormal amount of amniotic fluid is indicative of fetal alterations or problems in the mother that can put pregnancy at risk. Therefore, it is important to measure the volume of amniotic fluid in ultrasounds, especially in the last trimester. A small amount of amniotic fluid is known as oligohydramnios, while an excessive amount of amniotic fluid is called polyhydramnios. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index 1. Definition of oligohydramnios 1.1. How is amniotic fluid measured? 2. Causes 3. Symptoms and complications 4. Treatment 5. Questions from users 5.1. What is the reason for the small amount of amniotic fluid? 5.2. How can oligohydramnios be classified? 5.3. What conseque...

It is considered as ideal pregnancy that lasts 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation. Thus, we will classify babies into different groups based on their birth week: Premature baby: the one born before week 37. We'll talk about him next. Full-term baby: one born between week 37-42 of pregnancy. Post-mature baby: the one born after week 42. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What is a premature baby ?: Causes, care and complications 1. What are premature babies? 2. Symptoms of premature birth 3. Problems of a premature baby 4. Special neonatal care 5. Preventive measures of premature birth 6. Authors and collaborators What are premature babies? A premature baby is one born before 37 weeks of gestation as a result of a delivery that occurs earlier than expected. It represents between 8 and 12% of all births. Formerly it was considered one of the main causes of infant mortality but nowadays its su...

Hundreds of babies who can not be breastfed by their mothers are fed milk donated by altruistic mothers. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Donation of breast milk in Spain 1. Breast milk banks 2. The WHO recommends it as a second option Although milk donation is still a recent practice, the volume of donated milk increases every year and there are already 166 active milk banks in Europe. Bank of milk Breast milk banks Many Spanish mothers donate milk that is stored in seven banks of breast milk throughout the country. This is used to feed babies who can not be fed by their own mothers. It is useful in case of premature babies whose mothers are not prepared to generate milk. Also in cases of some pathology of the mother or the newborn that prevents breastfeeding directly. The WHO recommends it as a second option According to the World Health Organization donated breast milk is the second best option to feed a newborn, ...

Superfetation is a phenomenon that involves the conception and development of an embryo being already in a state of gestation previously. The result of this is a pregnancy of twins with different gestational ages. The superfeat situation is extremely rare in humans. The few cases that have occurred have been a consequence of the hormonal treatments used in assisted reproduction processes. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index What is superfeiting? - Get pregnant while pregnant 1. Definition of superfeiting 2. Causes 3. Diagnosis and consequences 4. Superfeiting cases 5. Questions from users 5.1. Is it normal to ovulate while pregnant? 5.2. What is heteropaternal superfecundation? 6. Recommended reading Definition of superfeiting According to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), superfeiting is defined as the conception of a second fetus during pregnancy. To understand it better, it would be something like getting pre...

Causes sputum abortion the excessive weight of the pregnant Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for spontaneous abortion, although the mechanism is not entirely clear. The purpose of this study is to better understand the effect of obesity on pregnancy success by analyzing cytogenetic studies of miscarriages in women with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI). A retrospective study was conducted with women under 40 years of age by demographic registry, body mass index, karyotype of abortive remains and polycystic ovarian syndrome, which aborted in the first trimester of pregnancy, between 1999 and 2008. For the statistical analysis we used the t-Student and the chi-square (X & sup2) considering the p 25 - Obese: BMI> 30 Repeat abortators were defined as those who had three or more miscarriages of clinical pregnancy. Statistics The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15. The t-Student was used and ...

The antimulleriana hormone (AMH) is a marker used in assisted reproduction to evaluate the ovarian reserve and, therefore, the state of women's fertility. By analyzing the levels of this hormone, we can predict the chances of a patient getting pregnant. High values ??of AMH are related to good results in these techniques and are usually accompanied by low levels of FSH. With age, the ovarian reserve decreases, so the AMH also decreases. This test helps to know which treatment of assisted reproduction is the most indicated for each patient and thus improve the results. Depending on this analysis and the rest of the clinical history, it will be recommended that an artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF) or ovodonation be performed. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index The antimülleriana hormone (AMH): utility to study the fertility 1. What is the anti-Müllerian hormone? 2. AMH in women and fertility 2.1. When ...

Testicular cancer is the most affected in the male population between 15 and 35 years and is characterized by rapid evolution and transmission to other organs. Some men often go to the doctor because they notice certain typical symptoms, such as the appearance of a lump in the testicle that does not cause pain, or a stretch or swelling in the testicular area; but in many cases there are no symptoms or these are confused with those of other non-cancerous pathologies, so that the presence of the tumor is not discovered until advanced stages of the disease. Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article. Index Testicular self-examination to prevent testicular cancer 1. What is testicular self-examination? 2. How to do a testicular self-examination? What is testicular self-examination? It is a simple exploration, which lasts at most a couple of minutes and allows detecting lumps or protuberances in the scrotal sac. The best time to do self-exami...