What is gestational diabetes?

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Gestational diabetes is a type of mild diabetes that develops in some women during the last stage of pregnancy.

Unlike other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes is not caused by insulin deficiency, but by the blockage of their functioning due to the hormones that are generated in pregnancy.

About 10% of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, although most of them have no symptoms. That is why it is necessary to make glucose controls to detect it.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Diabetes in pregnancy

Diabetes is a pathology that is characterized by having abnormally high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, mainly:

Type I diabetes mellitus is due to insulin deficiency because the pancreas does not produce it and is usually of an autonimmune nature. Type II diabetes mellitus is characterized by its resistance to insulin. The body's cells are not able to respond to insulin in order to use glucose and it accumulates in the bloodstream.

Gestational diabetes is included in type II diabetes mellitus and usually appears between weeks 24-28 of pregnancy. It occurs due to a blockage of the hormone insulin by the hormones of pregnancy and, as a result, blood glucose levels increase.

In most cases, glucose levels return to normal after delivery, with a prevalence of 1 to 3%.

However, women who have had diabetes during their first pregnancy are more likely to reappear in a second pregnancy.

Insulin resistance and gestational diabetes

Causes

The rapid growth of the fetus during the third trimester of pregnancy requires large amounts of glucose obtained from the mother.

To promote this glucose supply, the hormones produced by the placenta block the action of the insulin produced by the mother and increase the level of sugar available to the fetus.

The normal response of the body to this situation of insulin resistance is that the woman's pancreas produces more insulin during pregnancy. However, the body may not react and gestational diabetes may appear.

When insulin does not perform its function, glucose does not become energy and accumulates in the blood to very high levels, which is known as hyperglycemia.









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