Sperm selection

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Many couples have difficulty in forming a family, if after more than a year looking for pregnancy, it does not arrive should resort to a fertility clinic. Assisted reproduction techniques allow many couples to finally achieve the desired pregnancy.

Once the couple visits the specialist, after analyzing their case in a specific way, the doctor recommends the best treatment, with which the couple will have a greater chance of success. The key to this success lies in the fact that women undergo ovarian stimulation and in men a selection of sperm is performed.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Selection of sperm

Types of sperm selection

The main assisted reproduction techniques are artificial insemination, conventional IVF and ICSI, in all these techniques a sperm selection is made, called sperm capacitation.

Natural selection of sperm

This selection also occurs naturally, once produced the ejaculation, sperm have a long way ahead to reach the area of ??the fallopian tubes, where the egg is waiting to be fertilized. During this journey, only those sperm that have a good quality will achieve the goal, in this way there is a training or activation, which allows the egg to recognize the cover of the oocyte and to penetrate it.

Selection in the laboratory

In a fertility treatment, specialists perform a semen training, selecting the best sperm to be used in the indicated technique. Routinely, this selection is made through the sperm mobility itself, there are two techniques mainly density gradients and swim up. With both the mobile sperm are separated that are capable of progressing from those immobile. Thus only the best are employed in insemination or in vitro fertilization.

With the advance of assisted reproduction, new techniques have been incorporated, one of which is related to the selection of sperm with a high rate of fragmentation of sperm DNA. This method is called annexin V or MACS columns, whose acronym in English means magnetic-activated cell sorting that could be translated as separation of cells, sperm in this case, by magnetic activation.

It is a technique used before recurrent failures of IVF and patients with male infertility due to fragmentation in the DNA of the sperm. The spermatozoa that present damages in the DNA, have markers of apoptosis, it is a natural system of cellular control, when a cell presents serious damages, it is destined to a programmed cell death. With the annexin columns, sperm that have fragmentation of those that do not have it are separated by magnetic action.

When a spermatozoon has DNA damage it has a protein called phosphatidylserine in its outer membrane. The protein called annexin V has a high affinity for phosphatidylserine, so that a solution with annexin V attached to metal spheres, known as microbeads, is added to the sample in the laboratory. So that by passing the sample through the magnetic columns, the damaged sperm remain stuck.

Therefore it is a greater selection of sperm, not only based on progressive mobility but also takes into account that sperm DNA present in good condition, without fragmentation.

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