What is the training of sperm?

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Sperm training is defined as the process through which the sperm passes after ejaculation and which allows the released sperm to acquire the ability to fertilize the ovule. It is a series of modifications in its structure and mobility that allow the sperm to penetrate the thick membrane that covers the oocyte to merge with it and give rise to the embryo.

This phenomenon occurs naturally throughout the female reproductive tract and is mimicked in vitro to achieve the success of assisted reproduction treatments. In this article we will distinguish the natural training of the reproduced in the processes of artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Density gradients

Two or three media of different density are used in an attempt to imitate the different phases of the path that the sperm would have naturally made through the female reproductive tract.

Sperm capacitation by density gradients

The media are placed in a lab tube of higher to lower density and then the semen sample. After centrifugation of the tube, the sperm with better qualities will have been able to overcome all the gradients and reach the bottom. This will be the fraction that we will separate to use in the technique of assisted reproduction, since they are spermatozoa with progressive mobility.

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