Causes of spontaneous abortion

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There are many who wonder what are the main causes of spontaneous abortion, for this it is important to define the concept well and understand it.

Loss of pregnancy is considered spontaneous abortion before the fetus is able to survive with guarantees outside the mother's womb. Between 8% and 15% of pregnancies that are detected end in this way, although an important number and difficult to assess unnoticed.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Causes of spontaneous abortion

The causes of spontaneous abortions are not well known. However, most of them occur when a pregnancy is not developing normally and, in general, there is nothing the woman or her doctor can do to prevent it. Among the most frequent causes we can find genetic, immunological, anatomical and endocrine causes.

Genetic Causes

Chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus are very frequent so more than 50% of spontaneous abortions that occur during the first trimester of pregnancy are caused by chromosomal problems of the fetus.

Chromosomes are the tiny filament-shaped cell structures where our genes are located. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 in total. One chromosome of each pair comes from the father and the other from the mother. Most of these chromosomal abnormalities are the result of a defective ovum or sperm that has more or less chromosomes. The resulting embryo has an incorrect amount of chromosomes, which often leads to miscarriage.

Causes of spontaneous abortion

Chromosomal abnormalities become more common as age increases, as does the risk of spontaneous abortion. The majority are numerical, mainly trisomies and, to a lesser extent, triploidies. This type of alterations usually cause empty eggs and very early abortions before the eighth week of pregnancy. The majority of early abortions (60%) are genetic. Normally, if a woman experiences a second consecutive abortion, her genetic analysis or karyotype is usually related to the karyotype of the first abortion.

Immunological causes

They are the most frequent causes of repeat abortions. In most cases it is an incompatibility of the mother and the embryo due to immunological similarities between the couple, which cause rejection by the mother. It can also happen that the mother generates antibodies against her own organism and causes thrombosis or placental vascular occlusions that can lead to spontaneous abortions. This type of factors usually cause arrested pregnancies or late fetal deaths.

Immunological causes

Anatomical causes

The most frequent are congenital anomalies of the uterus and cervical incompetence. The first has to do with the problems that arise from birth, such as the septate uterus or the so-called "double uterus". The second occurs when the internal opening of the cervix is ??dilated and prevents the embryo from being retained. Cervical incompetence is the most frequent cause and the one with the best prognosis: with a uterine radiograph the state of the neck and the precautions to be taken during pregnancy can be known.

Anatomical causes
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