Uterine malformations in women

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There are many women who have alterations in the uterus, most of the uterine malformations are present from birth, although in some cases it may be due to a later pathology.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Uterine malformations in women

Uterine malformations can cause sterility , due to the inability of the embryo to implant and grow in the uterus, it can also cause high-risk pregnancies while at other times it hardly affects pregnancy.

The normal uterus

The uterus is a muscular organ that is located slightly below the ovaries, approximately in the center of the lower abdomen.

The shape of the uterus resembles that of an inverted pear, it is 7 cm long, 5 cm wide and 2.5 cm deep. The upper part is broad and is called the body of the uterus, it is usually inclined over the dome of the urinary bladder and is separated from the narrow part by a thin contraction. This lower part is known as the cervix or cervix and ends in the deepest part of the vagina. In the cervix there is a small opening where the sperm penetrate from the vagina, this opening is only accessible during ovulation, in the rest of the menstrual cycle it is blocked by the cervical mucus.

In women it is estimated that between 0.1 and 3.2% suffer from a uterine malformation. Many women are not aware of this malformation because it does not affect them when it comes to being mothers.



Types of uterine malformations

There is a classification of uterine malformations, the most important are the following:

Agenesia or Müllerian hypoplasia

It is produced by the total absence of Müllerian ducts, it only represents 5-10% of uterine malformations. They are patients with absence of uterus and often of the upper third of the vagina (short vagina).

Utero unicorn

It is about the normal formation of only one of the two conduits. Within the malformations has a prevalence of 20%. There are four variants with different symptoms within this group.

Utero didelfo

Its prevalence is 5% and the alteration is caused by the deficit of lateral union of the Müllerian ducts with the consequent duplication of them. This pathology can cause repeat abortions, with a rate of 45%. Surgery to treat the didelphic uterus does not usually show good results.

It is produced by the incomplete fusion of the two Müllerian ducts but the connection between the two cavities remaining at the isthmic level. We found two large groups: complete and partial bicornuate uterus. In the first group, the crack almost reaches the internal cervical area and is sometimes associated with a double cervix. In the partial type the length of the crack is variable. Its prevalence is 10% and is associated in 30% of cases with repeat abortion. It is the uterine malformation that is most associated with cervical incompetence.

Septate Uterus

It is the most frequent uterine malformation, with a prevalence of 55%. It is produced by a failure in the reabsorption of the uterovaginal septum, so that a septum is formed inside the uterine cavity. This hinders embryo implantation, increasing the number of abortions. In the case that pregnancy occurs, it can lead to complications such as premature birth in 33% of cases.

Uterus Arcuate

It is considered a variant of the normal uterus, there is simply a small septum, but virtually all absorption has occurred. In 85% of cases, pregnancy and delivery are normal.

Women who suffer some uterine malformation can undergo surgical treatment in the case of repeat abortions (other causes being ruled out) and in women with severe pelvic pain whenever the presence of endometriosis has been ruled out. The pathologies that obtain the best surgical result are the uterus septo and the bicornuate.


hysteroscopic surgery in Valencia(Spain)

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