Kartagener syndrome
There are several norms for this disease, such as Ciliary Dyskinesia Syndrome, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (CPD), Kartagener's disease, but the best known is Kartagener's Syndrome (KS). It is a disease of genetic origin in which some cellular elements such as cilia and flagella do not work correctly.
Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.
Index
Kartagener syndrome- 1. Symptoms
- 2. Female infertility
- 3. Male infertility
It is a disease of genetic origin, it is present from the moment of birth and its inheritance is autosomal recessive. It has a low prevalence in the population, one in every 20,000 people presents Katagener Syndrome.
To present a poor functioning in cilia and flagella, affects the various areas of the body where they are located. This genetic defect results in a malfunction of the epithelia or cells that have these structures, the respiratory system is especially affected.
symptom
There is a wide variation in the symptoms of these individuals, although the main characteristics are respiratory infections, sinusitis and otitis.
When a baby is born with this disorder, he has mild pulmonary infections from the second day of birth, as well as a continuous nasal mucous. These symptoms are always present in greater or lesser severity during their first years of childhood. As it approaches adulthood the symptoms worsen, it is common to have saccular bronchiectasis, chronic cough with expectoration of sputum and nasal polyps, breathe with difficulty, as if they had asthma and it is common for them to crack on auscultation. In adulthood, other areas of the body such as the kidney and central nervous system are affected, as well as affecting fertility in both men and women.
After the observation of these clinical manifestations, before the suspicion of the Kartagener Syndrome, the epithelial nasal cells and also the bronchial cells are analyzed. Using microscopic sections, the ultrastructure of the cilia is studied to see if they present any anomaly, if this is the case, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia is confirmed.
Feminine infertility
Women with Kartagener syndrome present fertility problems in more than 50% of cases. They present the normal ovarian cycle, the main problem is that the ovules expelled from the ovary are not able to move correctly through the fallopian tubes. The tubes are covered with cilia that help the ovum to move to the ampulla, the inner region of the tube where the encounter with sperm and fertilization occurs. Once the ovule is fertilized, the embryo formed travels to the uterus, where it finally implants. So that those affected with this disease, have greater difficulty in producing fertilization and have a high rate of ectopic pregnancy, because not functioning well cilia the embryo is not able to reach the uterus.
With an in vitro fertilization treatment, this problem would be solved. The ovules are extracted by follicular puncture and fertilized by the sperm in the laboratory, later the embryos are transferred directly in the area of ??the uterus.
Male infertility
The problem presented by these men is called asthenozoospermia or asthenospermia, most of their sperm are immobile so they can not achieve pregnancy naturally. These sperm are alive, but do not move and are able to fertilize the ovule, the problem is that they can not reach it by having structural alterations in its flagellum (sperm tail). These men can become parents through ICSI, the same process is followed as in IVF, except that it is the specialist who selects the sperm and inserts them into the oocyte through a microinjection.
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