Anti-sperm antibodies in man: causes and treatment

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The presence of sperm antibodies (SEA) in the ejaculate is a cause of male immune infertility.

The union of these antibodies to the sperm affects their mobility, so that they can not ascend through the female reproductive tract or reach the fallopian tubes to fertilize the ovule.

There are some treatments to be able to be parents even taking AAE in the semen. Some of these treatments are based on assisted reproduction techniques.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Anti-spermatozoa antibodies in man: causes and treatment

Antibodies against sperm

An antibody, also called immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by our body that is used to identify substances that our body determines as foreign or foreign.

There are 5 types of immunoglobulins depending on their characteristics. In particular, the antisperm antibodies are of the IgA and IgG type.

The EAA binds to the sperm because they have a great antigenic capacity and the male's body identifies them as strangers.

So that in a fertile man this does not happen, the spermatozoa are inside the testicles protected from the rest of the body by the so-called hematotesticular barrier, where the antibodies do not have access.



Risk factor's

When the hematotesticular barrier breaks down in males, AAEs reach the testicles and bind to the sperm because they recognize the IgA and IgG antigens on their surface.

In addition, it is also possible that sperm are considered as invaders in the body of some women and antisperm antibodies appear after intercourse.

Anti-sperm antibodies

Thus, the risk factors that favor the appearance of EPAs are different depending on whether the body of the woman or man.

The following are the situations that cause the breaking of the hematotesticular barrier in males, which is more frequent:

  • Semen infections
  • Varicocele
  • Testicular torsion
  • Surgical procedures such as vasectomy reversal

The number of women who will produce antisperm antibodies is very low, but it can occur in the following cases:

  • Gynecological infections
  • Inflammations of the genital tract

The EAA hinder the progressive mobility of the sperm and interfere in their encounter and interaction with the ovule.



Diagnostic tests

For the diagnosis of this type of immune infertility, there are techniques that detect the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in biological fluids.

More concretely, the existence of SEA can be determined both in the same spermatozoa (direct tests), as in the seminal plasma or in the cervical mucus of the woman (indirect tests).

Next, we will comment on the direct tests, since they are those in which it is confirmed that the EAAs are linked to the sperm and, therefore, those that are usually used:

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