How does the microbiota influence fertility?

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It has long been known that the bacterial population that inhabits the human body plays an essential role in certain processes, both in healthy people and in certain diseases. For example, the intestinal microbiota is essential for digestion.

Thanks to the advance of new technologies in the field of genomics (study of genetic information), it has been possible to study these microorganisms more thoroughly and this has made it possible to discover that the microbiome is involved in such complex pathologies as obesity or diabetes.

Knowing how the microflora influences fertility is one of the new challenges that currently exist in the field of assisted reproduction , since it can help improve the results of these treatments.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Importance of the microbiome

Before entering the world of the microbiome, it is important to be clear about what we mean when we talk about the microbiome and the microbiome.

What is the microbiota?

The microbiota is the set of bacteria and fungi that habitually inhabit our body. It is also known as microflora.

Each one of us has a particular microflora in each area of ??our body, which is influenced by our diet, our environment and even our age or hormonal status.

We have such a close relationship with our microbiota that, until recently, it was said that for every cell of ours, we had ten belonging to microorganisms.

Currently it is known that, although the proportion is not so exaggerated, it is true that in our body we have more microorganism cells than our own. This makes us think that its function can be very relevant and invites us to investigate about it.

What is the microbiome?

In recent years, the irruption of the "omics" has meant a revolution in the field of biomedicine. It is known by that name to the set of disciplines that study the whole or the whole of something, such as, for example, the totality of:

  • Genomics: genetic information of an individual.
  • Proteomics: proteins of an organism or system.
  • Interactomics: interactions between molecules.

The application of these new sciences to the analysis of the microbiota facilitates the study of the microbiome, which is the set of microorganisms that inhabit our body and its genomes (ie, the microbiota and its genetic material).

Recently, the Human Microbiome Project has been carried out, which consists of identifying and characterizing the microbiome present in healthy volunteers and finding out what changes occur in it when there is a disease. It is the most important investigation that has been done about it to date.

Thanks to this project and other studies, it is beginning to deepen the analysis of the microbiome present in the male and female reproductive tracts. The knowledge of these microorganisms, their relationships, their functions and their implications in fertility can help to improve the outcome of assisted reproduction treatments, even in patients whose cause of sterility or infertility is currently unknown.

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