How is the sperm?

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The sperm is the male sex cell that is produced in the testes of man through the process known as spermatogenesis.

Its main function is to allow sexual reproduction thanks to its union with the female ovule during fertilization.

For this, it is very important that the sperm maintain their structure and complete DNA during their journey to the ovule.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

How is the sperm? - Training, parts and function

Definition and function

The sperm is the male gamete destined to fertilize the ovule, that is, the reproductive cell provided by the male for the formation of an embryo that can nest in the maternal womb and lead to pregnancy.

For this to be possible, both the male and female gametes must possess half the genetic material that the rest of the body's cells. It is said, therefore, that the sperm is a haploid cell: it has 23 chromosomes.

This reduction of the genetic material is achieved thanks to the meiosis process that takes place during the formation of sperm in the testicle.

After the fertilization of the ovule with the sperm and the fusion of both nuclei, the characteristic genetic endowment of the human being is restored: 46 chromosomes. The cell resulting from this union is the zygote.

Fertilization between ovum and sperm in the human being

The main function of the sperm, as we have said, is to perpetuate the species through sexual reproduction. In addition, for this to be possible, intercourse between a man and a woman is necessary to put their gametes in contact.

The sperm of the male are suspended in the semen, which is expelled into the female reproductive tract thanks to ejaculation. From here, the sperm will travel to the fallopian tubes thanks to their movement to meet the egg.

Another function that runs by the sperm is to determine the sex of the future baby. Depending on the chromosomal distribution that takes place in meiosis, the sperm cell will possess the X chromosome (female sex) or the Y chromosome (male sex).

Sperm parts

The microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe the sperm in the year 1677. It is an elongated cell that has a head, neck and tail, with a total length of about 50-60 microns.

The shape of sperm is similar in most species, especially in mammals, although there may be small differences.

The most peculiar thing about the sperm is that it is the only human cell with a flagellum, the tail that allows it to move.

Next, we will describe each of its parts:

Questions from users


obstetrician in (Spain)

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