Spermatozoa with necrospermia: definition, causes and treatment

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Necrospermia or necrozoospermia is a sperm alteration due to the death of sperm.

The causes of this type of infertility can be very diverse and treatments are scarce. Therefore, in most cases assisted reproduction techniques are necessary to achieve a pregnancy, such as in vitro fertilization with sperm selection.

Below you have an index with all the points that we will discuss in this article.

Index

Spermatozoa with necrospermia: definition, causes and treatment

Definition and diagnosis

Necrospermia or necrozoospermia is the term used when more than 42% of the sperm of the ejaculate remain dead. This alteration of semen is one of the main causes of male infertility.

It is important not to confuse necrospermia with asthenospermia or asthenozoospermia, which is the inability of sperm to move even when alive.

The test that evaluates male fertility is the semengram or spermiogram. It consists in analyzing under the microscope the ejaculated sample, observing the spermatozoa and checking their concentration, mobility and morphology.

When a man suffers from necrospermia, the semen shows that more than 50% of the sperm do not move, they may be dead or simply not able to move. In the first case we would talk about necrospermia, while if the problem is mobility it would be an astenozoospermia.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published reference values ??of seminal parameters in 2010. With regard to vitality, it is considered that a normal man must present 58% of live sperm.

How to know if the sperm are alive

The test consists of a hypoosmotic test based on the integrity of the membrane. When a sperm is dead, its membrane has holes or broken areas, while if the sperm is alive its membrane is intact and controls the entry and exit of substances.

To verify this, the spermatozoa are placed in a hypoosmotic medium. The live sperm will react in this solution, absorb water and the tail will swell causing it to roll up into a helix. In contrast, dead sperm will not show any reaction.

Hypoosmotic test for diagnosis of necrospermia

A hypoosmotic medium is one with a high proportion of water and a low concentration of dissolved substances. By placing a live sperm, whose content in dissolved substances is greater, will tend to absorb water from outside to balance the pressures.

In addition to the hypoosmotic test, there are other tests that check sperm vitality: the eosin-nigrosin stain test or the acridin orange stain test. In these cases, the spermatozoa that are stained are the dead ones, since the membrane is broken and the dye enters indiscriminately.

Causes

Necrospermia can occur in a timely manner due to factors such as stress or the taking of a specific medication. However, there may be other causes that cause necrospermia permanently:

  • Consumption of alcohol and drugs habitually
  • Bad nutrition
  • Radiation therapy and chemotherapy
  • Genitourinary infections
  • Hormonal disorders
  • Long periods of sexual abstinence.

In these cases it is more difficult to reverse the necrospermia and increase the vitality of the sperm, so it is possible that it is necessary to resort to assisted reproduction techniques to have children.

Questions from users


intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Almeria(Spain)

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